RESEARCH PAPER: THE STUDY OF REDUCED FORMS OF
ENGLISH WORDS IN WHATSAPP CONVERSATION AMONG YOUNG ADULTS
·
Purpose
of study
To
investigate the usage of reduced forms of English words in WhatsApp (a synchronous
medium of CMC) among young adults.
·
Research
questions
A. What are the common types of reductions used
by the users of WhatsApp?
B.
What
are the emotions attached on the usage of reduced words in WhatsApp?
·
Brief
literature review
Before,
the computer was created to aid in transferring data in the interest of
America’s defense (Levy, 1984; Rheingold, 1993). Now it has rapidly evolved in
becoming the most powerful tool in interpersonal communication. Along with
that, the language used also branches out to help deliver the message better.
Several
studies have been conducted in the matter of linguistics of electronic
communication (Baron N. S., Computer mediated communication as a force in
language change, 1984), 1998 (Baron N. S., Letters by phone or speech by other
means: the linguistics of email, 1998), 2001 (Baron N. , 2001), 2010 (Baron N.
, 2010), Davis and Brewer 1997 (Davis, 1997), Paolillo 2001 (Paolillo, 2001),
Crystal 2001 (Crystal, 2001), Snyder 2007 (Snyder, 2007), Callahan and Herring
2012 (Callahan, 2012), 2008 (Barakadze, 2012). The studies suggest that online
language is so developed that the line between writing and speaking has become
blurry, and can be called “written speech”. Biber claims that ‘there is no
single, absolute difference between speech and writing in English, rather there
are several dimensions of variation, and particular types of speech and writing
are more or less similar with respect to each dimension’ (Biber, 1997).
Chumseng Yang supports this by saying that online discourse is made up in
writing, therefore it can be seen that it ‘carries both features in writing and
speaking’. This is to fill in the gaps in invisible participants and emotional
expressions.
The
topic on Computer Mediated Communication has always been a great interest from
all over the world but it was only researched from 1991, when Kathleen Ferrara,
Hans Brunner, and Greg Whitmore published a research "Interactive Written
Discourse as an emergent genre" and made the language scholars take
considerable attention to the use of CMD. Therefore the interest in the study
spread out and expanded. In all of the studies above-mentioned, the most used
methodology of research is sampling of data. Similarly, this paper also uses
the same method as it is the easiest and most convenient way to collect data.
Accordingly,
the purpose of the study is to investigate the continuous usage of reduction
words (abbreviations and blending words) in synchronous mode of communication
in, specifically WhatsApp messenger. This paper examines the linguistics
features of text-based Computer Mediated Communication in young adults in
Malaysia. This is the second and the latest study done on CMC in Malaysian
environment. The first one is done by Zaemah Abdul Kadir
titled Playfulness and Creativity: A Look at Language use Online in
Malaysia (2012). In addition, this study is the first of its kind in looking
into WhatsApp Messenger discourse.
A
paper written by Ekaterine Bakaradze (2012) especially touches on the frequency
of the usage of abbreviations and acronyms according to types of emotions. However,
it does not focus on how emotional expression is one of the key factors in the
use of shortened words etc. The main focus of this paper is to explore the
causes of the usage of word reductions, other substitutes of non-verbal
language ‘cyberspeak’ with new words, emoticons and smileys and their
definitions according to specific contexts. Other than that, this study also
examines the influence of real-life speech and environment on online language
and vice versa.
In
this study, it can be proven that there are two factors influencing the usage
of abbreviations and blending words; time and emotion. The teenagers who
participated in this study clearly show that the reduction of words is
important in saving time in delivering message. This is an example of imitation
of real-life situation, due to time always moving. Thus typing a long message
using reduced words that can be spoken for 15 seconds saves time. Moreover, the
use of smileys, emoticons and symbols is highly used in WhatsApp discourse to
express emotions that are unavailable in written form. Bakaradze states ‘it was
observed that a considerable number of abbreviations, special symbols and
expressions are used in online chats to represent facial expressions, emotions,
and feelings’. The use of smileys, emoticons and symbols is a true
characteristic of online language having both features in written and spoken
discourse. The most used is ‘haha’ which symbolizes happiness or joy, also
sometimes used sarcastically or to fill in awkward conversations. In the paper
Linguistics ruin? LOL!: Instant Messaging and Teen Language by Sali A.
Tagliamonte and Derek Denis of Univeristy Toronto (2008), ‘haha’ has the
frequency of usage as high as 16,183.
Most
of the studies focus on how language has been abused; innumerable articles in
the popular press have targeted IM. They suggest that it is leading to a
“breakdown in the English language,” “the bastardization of language” (O’Connor
2005), even “the linguistic ruin of [the] generation” (Axtman 2002). Nevertheless
some claims that discourse on the Internet is a “new species of communication,”
complete with its own lexicon, grammar, and rules (Crystal, 2001). Baron (2003)
also states that online discourse is birthed from the “linguistics
whatever-ism” other than the lax of attitude in grammar and spelling. These
studies also agree that time and emotional expressions are the conceding
factors in the wide usage of reduced words, abbreviations, smileys etc. Even in
WhatsApp Messenger, the texter has the tendency to shorten words to write long
messages in a short amount of time. Smileys and emoticons are used to indicate
emotions and feeling, as they are unavailable in written form. Bakaradze
explains that in Georgia, each SMS costs a price unlike in the United States of
America. Therefore the texter has valid reasons to cut the message short to
save cost, this can be compared to in Malaysia where each SMS has a price.
Shortening
or reducing words is a new element in language as it assists in online
discourse, specifically in synchronous mode. Forming new words and using
symbols to indicate message is a very interesting language development. Though
it may seem to tarnish the original form of language, it is enough reason to
study the dynamic relationship between language and communication in WhatsApp
Messenger among Malaysian teenagers.
Methodology
1) Sampling
(source of data)
Since
the approach of this study is to reach the young adult, so we requested
assistance from a young adult of our acquaintance for her normal WhatsApp group
conversation history to be made as the data for our assignment. To ensure the
authenticity of this information, we asked for the recorded usual conversation
of her and her friends in the past for certainty that they use the words in
their daily life. The participants are known to be multilingual
with English as their second language, and who prefer to speak colloquial
English at most times.
Upon
receiving the screenshots of their WhatsApp conversation, it is quite
surprising that there are numerous forms of reduced words used by them and which
are applicable to our project; act as the corpus. The information recorded from
the data analysis offers quite a few numbers of studies in terms of the
different types of reduced forms used, different form of expressions attached
with the usage of those reductions and thus lead to the hypothesis of the increment usage of
abbreviation in synchronous communication and to be specific, WhatsApp.
2) Instrument
for analysis (Framework: Reductions)
From
the data obtained, first we highlighted all the reductions used by the
participants in the WhatsApp conversation and classified the different types of
these reduced words in a table form. Next was to create another table form as
for the analysis of another part of study focusing on the expressions or
emotions attached with the usage of these reductions. This recorded fact also works
as evidence to why reduction words are so pervasive in this postmodern world of
globalization era with the advancement of technology. Overall, the analysis
presented here is based on the corpus involving three young adults who quite
massively use reductions in WhatsApp (as a mode of CMC) when conversing with
one another.
Introduction
Introduction
First
of all, there is no hesitation to the massive usage of reductions by
individuals in this current era through any kind of synchronous communication,
for instance like instant messaging be that either through WhatsApp, Yahoo
Messenger, Skype and the like (regardless of age). Reduction is generally the
action of forming something into much smaller size, amount, degree and in this
context, it refers to the reduced size of a word or particularly the shorten
part or form of it.
WhatsApp,
on the other hand (as classified under the synchronous mode of CMC which is
also our choice of mode) is a category of instant messaging that can be
installed on any smartphones and which is actually one of the favorite
medium of communication of all ages (Baron, 2004). On top of that, it comprises
innumerable functions despite its obvious role or ability to send text
messages. Others would be that one can send images to another person, video,
audio messages, songs and a lot more. As mentioned in class, this mode of CMC
is instantaneous, real time and exchanges are speedy. Many people have this
WhatsApp application on their mobile phone(s) that this kind of instant
messaging makes their life much easier as it functions as an easy medium of
communication.
The
purpose of study for this research paper is to investigate or to examine the
continuous usage of word reductions in WhatsApp among young adults. Since the
branch of study we choose is Morphology, thus this is simultaneously the reason
to why we study reductions as one of the branches exists under the subject of
Morphology for this paper. It is significant to notice that reductions here can
be classified into several smaller categories such as acronyms, initialism,
blending words, contraction and the like. The meaning of all these smaller
categories mentioned may be slightly different but they are just likely the
same in terms of that they are all in form of reductions and which are used by
countless people nowadays in informal context through synchronous
communication.
It
can be inferred that the emergence of internet definitely delivers human beings
with vast advantage in all aspect of life. Computer-mediated communication is
one type of benefit available by the internet as a form of communication, anytime
and anywhere. Apparently, the usage of reduction words somehow applicable and
relevant only in online communication as it is informal and absurd to be used
in academic writing. Therefore, we recognize that the practice of using reduced
words is in parallel with the expansion of technology. More and more people are
exposed and beginning to adapt the form of abbreviation when connecting online
where it is different before. Undoubtedly, the usages of reduction words are
increasing rapidly over time.
Findings
and Analysis
Based
on the corpus gathered, it can clearly be seen that the three young adults involved
chatting through the synchronous communication or text-based called WhatsApp,
use different kind of reductions, at many occurrences. The uses of abbreviations,
acronyms, blend words, contraction are obviously frequent in their
conversation. Some of the examples are as follows:
Next
is the use of acronym. For example, in the conversation note that
the words ASAP, LOL, IKEA, MOTO are mentioned and they are
composed of the initial letters or syllables of a compound term and which is
pronounced as a single word. The actual compound term for above words are As
Soon As Possible, Laugh Out Loud, Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd Agunnaryd, and
Master of the Obvious where they are truncated as a single pronounceable
word and thus is a form of word reduction.
The
use of clipping or truncation is also normal that one may use
it while chatting through WhatsApp. Clipping is the reduction or
abbreviation of a word into one of its component parts. In more technical term,
it refers to the removal of some part of a longer word to shorter form but
still, the meaning remains the same. Based on the corpus or data, the clipping
words used include: DOC (doctor) where end of the word is
truncated and which is also termed as back-clipping or apocope in Morphology.
Next examples are as follows: FLU (short for influenza), a
kind of clipping at both ends and which also known as fore and aft clipping
The
subsequent usage of reduction is in the form of combined words namely blending and
the concept is that it combines two existing words (that are created from
non-morphemic parts of two already existing items) to create a new word, or
take out parts of each joining the residues together to build a new word whose
form and meaning are taken from the source words. The examples that can be
found in the WhatsApp conversation is GINORMOUS (a blend of
two words giant and enormous and which means extra-large), CHILLAX (chill
and relax), FANTABULOUS (fantastic and fabulous), BRUNCH
(breakfast and lunch), WIFI (wireless and fidelity), BLOG (web+log).
Another two reduced forms found in the corpus are contractions like;
(would not to won’t) and common shortening used in online communication like; (tonight
as 2nite, first as 1st) and many more. Many other examples are shown
in the Appendix section attached at the end of this research paper.
Table 1.
Function
|
Reductions
|
Expressing
happiness
|
lol
(15), rofl (5), Leggo (2), OMG (1), jk (1), ikr (1), TIA (1)
Total
: 26 (1.72%)
|
Expressing
uncertainty
|
nvm
(1), hmmm (3), idk (1), innit (1), wth (1)
Total
: 7 (0.46%)
|
Expressing
seriousness
|
ASAP
(1), emo (1)
Total
: 2 (0.133%)
|
Showing
time
|
mornoon
(2), yesternight (1), l8r (2), brunch (2), 2morrow (1), bbn (1), ttyl (1),
atm (2) , 1st (1), omw (2), morns (1), 2nite (1).
Total:
17 (1.13%)
|
Expressing
enquiry
|
WUBU
(1), Wudcha (1), k (1), wanna (1).
Total
: 4 (0.26%)
|
Expressing
shock
|
OMG
(2)
Total:
2 (0.19%)
|
Comforting
|
Chillax
(1)
Total
:1 (0.06%)
|
Combining
new concepts and creating new words.
|
Ginormous
(1), Chillax (1), Fantabulous (1), Brunch (2), Wifi (1) , Blog (1)
Total:
7 (0.68%)
|
Total
reduced words: 66
Total
words: 1502
Percentage
of reduced words: 4.4%
|
|
Note that the existence of these reduced forms can bring many functions as well
as shown in the table above. Based on the corpus gathered, it is actually that
the highest frequency of reduced word usage is in expressing happiness. The
reduced words are placed at the end of the sentence to show that they are
pleased and found the other speaker humorous. Other than the speaker, the
subject discussed about may also lead to the usage of reduction word that shows
happiness.
As for other emotions, the least number of reduced words can be seen in
comforting, expressing seriousness and expressing shock. This shows that
reduction helps a lot in conveying emotion between speakers. However, speakers
tend to use reduction words in an informal and cheerful environment. Whenever,
speakers are talking about something serious, the usage of reduction is
understood as inappropriate between speakers. It may be because human perceive
sadness and seriousness as something that is more suitable to be discuss
formally and face-to-face communication. Hence, the low frequency of reduction
words in those area.
Another function of reduced word is indicating time. Speaker use reduced word
to show time of the action being spoken quite a lot in the WhatsApp
conversation above. It is the second highest frequency of reduced word. Since
time is highly discussed in a conversation, reduced words tend to be more
created around that area. Hence, reduced word showing time is pervasive in the
WhatsApp conversation.
From the WhatsApp conversation, it can also be seen that reduced word is
creatively used in combining two concepts into one. The high frequency of
blending words in the conversation indicates that reduced words save time and
convey compact messages to the receiver. Clearly, in WhatsApp conversation, the
pace between sending and receiving is fast and almost the pace of real
face-to-face conversation. Hence, the usage of reduced words in WhatsApp act as
a tool in making the communication runs smoother and faster.
· Conclusion
and Comment
Reduction
words and its subtypes which are abbreviations, clippings, blends and others
are ranging from mere initials, groups of letters, syllables and splinters to
full (not infrequently even complex) words. They are used as part of
everyday language most particularly in informal conversation; to show emotions,
save time, it can be nicknames, to make a branding name, private talk and so
on. All in all, there is a big chance for the speakers of any languages to
invent new words on the basis of existing ones, subtraction/truncation of
materials. Words surely can be composed to smaller units from their original
(long) form as portrayed or stated in previous descriptions of word
reductions. From trimming the long words into the smaller ones, or when
words are reduced or shortened, it is not surprising thing to say that one
may conserve his or her breath when speaking and space when writing and
this statement is so much related to the frequent use of reductions on instant
messaging among people of all ages, but of course the common group would be the
young adults as they often known to be the ones who create new kind of
invention or reduction.
All
in all, there are many reduced form of words which are readily apparent, those
of which may have been formed or existed long time before or the ones that have
been created occasionally towards/in this current era. The kind of reduction
phenomena are again; blends, abbreviations, clipping and the like. Another
point is that when Varnhagen et al. (2009) who agreed with the notion that
“written communication in instant messaging, text messaging, chat, and other
forms of electronic communication appears to have generated a ‘‘new language’’
of abbreviations, acronyms, word combinations, and punctuation.”
Universally,
it is a fact that majority of speakers (regardless to what language they use)
tend to “trim”, reduce or abbreviate words in countless ways as to shorten (yet
definite) the messages they deliver to people and they use it commonly through
any kind of instant messaging, particularly synchronous communication since it
does not require a formal kind of discourse. Furthermore, by having said that,
it links to the notion that speakers are directly or indirectly a
creative person for creating many new words simply by just shorten the existing
words into a new form of word with or without changing the original meaning.
Again, it is indeed that the reduction of words are every so often been used in
both informal, casual written and spoken contexts. As for in this case the
creativity is often been used on messages or texts typed into cell phones in
text-messaging, and the WhatsApp application (a form of CMC) is set to be
used as an example. It is hoped that this paper will be beneficial to all in later
purposes.
Bibliography
"Abbreviation."
Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1878. 9th ed. 1: 26-29.
Adams,
V. 2001. Complex Words in English. Harlow: Longman.
Adams, Valerie. 1973. An
Introduction to Modern English Word-Formation [Englis Language Series, 7]. London: Longman
Aronoff, M. 1976. Word formation in
generative grammar. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
http://languagesoftheworld.info/morphology/blendingin.html#ixzz2m5qPvusG
Halliday, M.A.K. 1985. An
Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.
Hirotani, M.
(2009). Synchronous Versus Asynchronous CMC and Transfer to Japanese Oral
Performance. CALICO Journal. 26(2), p-p 413-438.
Malaprop. (2010). All the mimsy were
the polka dots. Retrieved from
http://blog.inkyfool.com/2010/05/all-mimsy-were-polka-dots.html
Pereletsvaig.(2010).
Blending in. Retrieved from
http://languagesoftheworld.info/morphology/blending-in.html
http://languagesoftheworld.info/morphology/blending-in.html
Appendices
Raw Data
Whatsapp group conversation between
bestfriends.
Mira
|
Ssup, mornoon, bday, d, TGIF.
|
|
Mira
|
Been missin ya guys tho..
|
Ya, tho.
|
Lisa
|
Hey Mira! My bff! Lol!
|
Bff, Lol.
|
Lisa
|
Oh bout that, nvm.. hmm.. idk wat
im doin right now.. lol. Im decorating my living room atm! Planning to watch
dvds or reading mags later on
|
Bout, nvm, idk, wat, doin, lol,
atm, dvds, mags.
|
Hana
|
Brah! Lol imyt! M watching telly.
Oh btw I hv sthg 2 tell u.. danny phone me yesternight and he asked me to
tell u dis. He wanted u 2 ring him ASAP.
|
Brah, Imyt, telly, btw, hv, sthg,
phone, 2, Yesternight, dis, ASAP.
|
Mira
|
Hey fellas! Long long time innit?
Hmm.. oh izzit danny? Ok then, ill phone him l8er! Actly I just got back from
LA. Visited my granny. It was a very
nice place to spend holidays indeed! Luv it! But its so cold there.. been
having flu ever since I got there.
|
Innit, l8r, actly, LA, granny,
Luv, flu.
|
Lisa
|
Aww pity u Mira.. go see the doc! Btw, wat
did u get for us? Rofl.
|
Doc, btw, wat, rofl.
|
Hana
|
I luv LA 2! Kinda like ginormous city innit?
|
LA, 2, kinda, ginormous, innit,
fantabulous.
|
Mira
|
Lol… I wont tell u guys now. But oh ya the
price for jeggings is so cheap thr! Anyhow, meet me first k cuz I bought
something for u fellas. Lets go somewhere fellas! We go chiilax a bit. What
say u?
|
Lol, wont, jegging, thr, k, cuz,
chillax.
|
Hana
|
Very fantabulous I tell u soo
glamorous! Lol
|
U, lol.
|
Mira
|
Hana, yes it is indeed
|
-
|
Lisa
|
Ok! Whr to?
|
Whr.
|
Hana
|
Yea lets! Leggo to IKEA! Been
craving 4 meatballs yeay! Meet at 12. We can hv brunch thr! This wont take
long, but up 2 u guys 2 decide.
|
Leggo, IKEA, 4, hv, thr, wont, 2,
u.
|
Mira
|
IKEA that is! When?? But I don’t
wanna have brunch but lunch. Surely im going for breakfast before we meet
later. So its no brunch. Lol
|
IKEA, don’t, brunch, lol.
|
Lisa
|
R u tryin 2 crack a joke thr? Well, of
course u can hv ur breakfast 1st! No pressure hahaha.
|
R, u, tryin, 2, thr, hv, ur, 1st.
|
Hana
|
Lol Lisa… I was just sayin haha. Wondered if
u got up late and hv no time to eat breakfast. I noe u very well!
|
Lol, u, hv, noe.
|
Mira
|
Lmao I was kidding lah! Ok then,
2moro 11.30 a.m. Deal?
|
Lmao, 2moro, a.m.
|
Lisa
|
Aight!
|
Aight.
|
Hana
|
Deal!! Brb u guys. I gtg. I wanna
go to the gym! Right nw! I wanna stay healthy! Haha bbn!
|
Brb, gtg, gym, nw, bbn.
|
Mira
|
Tc Hana. Hav fun ya! Enjoy urself
at d gym. B good! J
|
Tc, hav, urself, d, b.
|
Hana
|
ok surely will do! tysm for those
words
|
Tysm.
|
Mira
|
So Lisa….. r u bz as well? Lets chat! Im
terribly bored. Lol
|
Bz, lol
|
Lisa
|
Aha. Not rly fyi. Am not up 4
anything atm. Oh ya btw.. hv u heard of the F1 tourney in Sepang this
weekend?
|
Rly, fyi, 4, atm, hv, u, F1,
tourney.
|
Mira
|
Yaa! I did hear that. I wanna go, but the
entrance tix is quite xpensive.
|
Tix, xpensive.
|
Lisa
|
Again FYI, my coussie just gave me 2 tix tbh!! He’s
actly 1 of the event management team under Petronas. So.. hw cool is that?!
|
Fyi, actly, coussie, 2, tix, tbh, hw.
|
Mira
|
OMG!! For real? Leggo !!
|
OMG, leggo.
|
Mira
|
TIA!!
|
TIA.
|
Lisa
|
Go wit u? no way bby! Lol! It’s not fair u c. wat about Hana? She’ll
be sad if she knows ths. Hehe.
|
Wit, u, bby, c, wat, she'll, ths.
|
Mira
|
Aww ok fine im emo rite now cuz u
gimme hope.
|
Ok, emo, rite, cuz, u, gimme.
|
Lisa
|
JK. We both know Hana hates like
this racing racing thingy rite? So, leggo bby! Ha ha ha. Sorry Hana if u ever
read this.
|
Jk, rite leggo, bby, u.
|
Mira
|
Haha mkay. Which day u wanna go?
It will be held for 2 days if m not mistaken
|
Wanna, u, m.
|
Lisa
|
Wdyt? This sat lah if possible!
Guess m all free on that day. But, but, I’ll confirm wit u later k?
|
Wdyt, sat, m, I’ll, wit.
|
Mira
|
Yea sure, no probbie! That’d b
great! Gonna be so much fun!
|
Probbie, that'd, b.
|
Lisa
|
Ikr. Btw WUBU?? Lets meet up now and have
some drinks.
|
Ikr, btw, wubu.
|
Mira
|
Sounds great! Lets!
|
Lets.
|
Lisa
|
lol pls come in 10 mins time at usual place. We
eat d best tosay in town 1st rofl
|
lol, pls, mins, d, 1st, rofl.
|
Mira
|
hahaha okay will b thr and pls
don’t b late. 10 mins and that’s it.
|
B, thr, pls.
|
Lisa
|
Rofl m always on time rmbr? Imma
punctual person cuz that’s my MOTO u c! Hahaha
|
Rofl, m, imma, cuz, moto, u, c.
|
Mira
|
Not funny. Im omw edi.
|
Omw, edi.
|
Lisa
|
Lol okay. I’ll be thr b4 u. imma
drive 100 mph.
|
Lol, I’ll, thr, b4, u, imma, mph.
|
Mira
|
Lol whatevs. c ya
|
lol, whatevs, c, ya.
|
Hana
|
Guysss, u all at mamak now?
|
U.
|
Mira
|
Yup! Wassup? Done workin out?
|
Wassup.
|
Hana
|
M at the police station rite now taking my
trainer for a report. Pity him.
|
M, rite.
|
Mira
|
Omg s’up? U ok?
|
Omg , s'up, u, ok.
|
Hana
|
M ok. Hes not ok.. Actly hes got
carjacked in front of d gym jst nw.
|
M, ok, hes, actly, carjacked, d,
gym, jst, nw.
|
Mira
|
OMG!
|
Omg.
|
Lisa
|
Omg r u serious?? did anyone see
the incident?
|
Omg, r, u.
|
Hana
|
They say the man looks quite like
a hipster and he wears a hoodie.
|
Hipster, hoodie.
|
Mira
|
Cray people!
|
Cray.
|
Lisa
|
Dang! Nvm Hana.. Do wat u need to
do 1st ok. Just ring us if u need help okay?!
|
Nvm, wat, 1st, u.
|
Hana
|
Ikr, yeah ill text u all in
moment.
|
Ikr, ill, u.
|
Hana
|
Guys, my trainer's cryin. I dunno
how to comfort him.
|
Cryin, dunno.
|
Hana
|
I'm kinda suck at dis actly sigh.
|
Kinda, dis, actly.
|
Mira
|
Ask him to chillax n bring him
some drinks 2 calm him
|
Chillax, 2.
|
Lisa
|
Ya..I woulda gone cray too if
some1 carjacked me...
|
Some1, woulda, cray.
|
Mira
|
It mustav been really hard on
him. hmmm... wadda pity.
|
Mustav, wadda.
|
Hana
|
Lemme talk 2 him a bit n fill u
guys wit d details ltr
|
Lemme, 2, ltr.
|
Mira
|
Aite Hana. Ping us ltr!
|
Aite, ltr.
|
Lisa
|
Ya. U chillax too okay, tell us if thrs
anythin.
|
U, chillax, thrs, anythin.
|
Mira
|
Yoo Lisa, I dunno bout u but aftr
hearin dat I thin we shuld get a good car lock.
|
Dunno, bout, u, aftr, hearin,
dat, thin.
|
Lisa
|
I betcha nobody wouldve want ur
car! lolololol
|
Betcha, wouldve, lol.
|
Mira
|
Heyyy! It's a smart ride k!
Waddaya mean by nobody wants it??
|
K, waddaya, mean.
|
Lisa
|
I dunno how to respond to dat kuz
ur car is old n fugly lmao.
|
Dunno, dat, kuz, ur, n, fugly,
lmao.
|
Mira
|
Sorry but truth hurts rofl
|
Rofl.
|
Mira
|
Didya know I bought dat car wif
my own money. Dats some'ing aite?
|
Didya, wif, dats, some'ing.
|
Lisa
|
Jkjkjkjkjk. I was just messin
wicca.
|
Jkjk, messin, wicca.
|
Lisa
|
Y so serious lah? hahaha
|
Y.
|
Mira
|
My old car is my pride dude. lol
|
Lol.
|
Lisa
|
Btw where I kno lotta shop selling car lock.
wanna look at em wimme?
|
Btw, lotta, kno, wanna, wimme,
em.
|
Lisa
|
If u wan I can bring u!
|
U, wan.
|
Lisa
|
Just lemme know aite
|
Lemme, aite.
|
Lisa
|
But u oughta bring lotta money
wiccu .
|
U, oughta, lotta, wiccu.
|
Lisa
|
Cuz I'm not buying u one. lol
|
Cuz, im, u, lol.
|
Mira
|
Lol! u mustav seen right through
me
|
Lol, u, mustav.
|
Mira
|
K I'll bring lotsa money
|
K, I'll, lotsa
|
Mira
|
U still owe me a set of McDeluxe
McD k!
|
U, Mcd, k
|
Lisa
|
Ive no idea dat u got such good memory lol.
|
Dat, u, lol.
|
Lisa
|
No prob! I'm gonna buy u McD
later dun worry.
|
Prob, gonna, Im, u, Mcd, dun.
|
Mira
|
So when are we gonna buy this car lock?
|
Gonna.
|
Lisa
|
Whacca thinkin? is tomorrow
okay? Right tmrw after we have
meatballs together with hana as well. Ok isn’t it?
|
whacca, thinkin, tmrw, isn’t.
|
Mira
|
I haftaa finish some work in d morns.
|
Hafta, d, morns.
|
Mira
|
Afternoon shuld be fine together
with Hana! That’d be great!
|
Shuld, that’d.
|
Mira
|
Thanks! See u tmrw!
|
U, tmrw.
|
Lisa
|
Okay tc!! Bbn
|
Tc, bbn.
|
Hana
|
Hey guys!!
|
-
|
Mira
|
Heyy, u ok Hana?
|
U, ok.
|
Hana
|
Am all good. Thnks. I just got
home. Hey wachuduin?
|
Thnks, wachuduin.
|
Mira
|
Not much. Just updating my blog
and perhaps trynna sleep in awhile
|
Blog, tryna.
|
Lisa
|
Hello hello am watching this
docudrama at NatGeo channel and its full of infotainment lol
|
Docudrama, Natgeo, infotainment,
lol.
|
Hana
|
haha. Mira, doncha think its
still too early to sleep?
|
Doncha.
|
Hana
|
Hana! Stop watching TV edy! haha
|
TV, edy.
|
Lisa
|
Yea the night is still young hehe
hey its my life okay
|
-
|
Lisa
|
I can do wtv I wan to
|
Wtv, wan.
|
Mira
|
Lol u guys are so funny like a
clown.
|
Lol, u.
|
Hana
|
Wait I’ve got an idea.
|
I’ve.
|
Hana
|
Why don’t ya guys come and
sleepover here at my place
|
Don't, ya.
|
Hana
|
Wudcha?
|
Wudcha.
|
Mira
|
U sure Hana?
|
U.
|
Lisa
|
Sounds great! Were goin out
together tmrw afterall innit?
|
Goin, innit, we're, tmrw.
|
Mira
|
Hmmmm…
|
Hmmmm.
|
Hana
|
Yeah sure its gonna b fun its
been forever hahaha
|
Its, b.
|
Lisa
|
Hmm oklah! Im in! lol but only if
Mira comes along.
|
Hmm, oklah, lol.
|
Mira
|
Haha sounds like a plan.
|
-
|
Mira
|
But wait, I need to send this
important email first and ill b there asap.
|
Email, ill, b, asap.
|
Hana
|
Yay! Its fine take yo time don’t
rush.
|
Yo, don't.
|
Lisa
|
Haha.. Hana is it ok if I buy
some food or snacks cuz am sure tonites gonna be a long nite!
|
Cuz, am, tonites, gonna, nite.
|
Hana
|
Hey no need! I’ve lotsa food here
no worries hehe.
|
I’ve, lotsa.
|
Lisa
|
Lol okay then.
|
Lol.
|
Mira
|
Rofl that’s great! My internet
data very slow edy haha.
|
Rofl, that's, internet, edy.
|
Lisa
|
Lol
|
Lol.
|
Hana
|
Haha just come. Imma prepare
errything!
|
Imma, errything.
|
Lisa
|
Im omw d!!
|
Omw, d.
|
Mira
|
B thr in a moment!
|
B, thr.
|
Hana
|
Drive safe, c ya in a whileee.
hehe
|
C, ya.
|
Analysed
Data
ACRONYM
|
INITIALISM
|
CLIPPING
|
BLENDING WORD
|
CONTRACTIONS/ COMMON
ABBREVIATIONS
|
ASAP
LOL
IKEA
MOTO
|
BBN
TTYL
FYI
TIA
WDYT
WUBU
IKR
MPH
TV
BFF
IDK
DVD
IMYT
BTW
ROFL
TGIF
LA
OMG
JK
ATM
BRB
BBN
GTG
TC
TIA
TYSM
K
OMW
|
PHONE
DOC
FLU
NOON
MAGS
TELLY
GYM
PROB
MORN
|
BLOG
YESTERNIGHT
GINORMOUS
CHILLAX
FANTABULOUS
BRUNCH
WIFI
CARJACK
FUGLY
DOCUDRAMA
NATGEO
INFOTAINMENT
EMAIL
INTERNET
|
NVM
WAT
DOIN
BRAH
HV
STHG
WONT
2NITE
1ST
SSUP
THO
INNIT
L8R
ACTLY
KINDA
WHR
LEGGO
R
U
AIGHT
NW
F1
BZ
RLY
WIT
BBY
SHE’LL
LETS
CUZ
WTV/WATEVS
HE’S
HOODIE (hooded sweatshirt)
HIPSTER (a person who hip)
CRYIN
CRAY
WADDA
MUSTAV
LEMME
BETCHA
WOULDA
WADDAYA
MESSIN
WICCA
MCD
TV
INNIT
|
Table 1.
Function
|
Reductions
|
Expressing
happiness
|
lol
(15), rofl (5), Leggo (2), OMG (1), jk (1), ikr (1), TIA (1)
Total
: 26 (1.72%)
|
Expressing
uncertainty
|
nvm
(1), hmmm (3), idk (1), innit (1), wth (1)
Total
: 7 (0.46%)
|
Expressing
seriousness
|
ASAP
(1), emo (1)
Total
: 2 (0.133%)
|
Showing
time
|
mornoon
(2), yesternight (1), l8r (2), brunch (2), 2morrow (1), bbn (1), ttyl (1),
atm (2) , 1st (1), omw (2), morns (1), 2nite (1).
Total:
17 (1.13%)
|
Expressing
enquiry
|
WUBU
(1), Wudcha (1), k (1), wanna (1).
Total
: 4 (0.26%)
|
Expressing
shock
|
OMG
(2)
Total:
2 (0.19%)
|
Comforting
|
Chillax
(1)
Total
:1 (0.06%)
|
Combining
new concepts and creating new words.
|
Ginormous
(1), Chillax (1), Fantabulous (1), Brunch (2), Wifi (1) , Blog (1)
Total:
7 (0.68%)
|
Total
reduced words: 66
Total
words: 1502
Percentage
of reduced words: 4.4%
|
|
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